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   "source": [
    "# Module 2 — Lab 2: Control Flow and Functions\n",
    " \n",
    "**Topics:** if/elif/else, for, while, break, continue, function\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "> **Solution version:** This notebook contains the complete solution. Run the cells in order and compare the results with your Lab notebook.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0d178b19",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Scenario\n",
    "\n",
    "You need to build small rules that classify login alerts and automatically review a list of IP addresses. All activity is simulated with local data; this notebook does not connect to or scan any real system.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "56bc45d4",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "exercise"
    ]
   },
   "source": [
    "## 1. Classify failed login attempts\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "dac7be01",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "solution"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "failed_attempts = 7\n",
    "\n",
    "if failed_attempts >= 10:\n",
    "    severity = \"CRITICAL\"\n",
    "elif failed_attempts >= 5:\n",
    "    severity = \"HIGH\"\n",
    "elif failed_attempts >= 1:\n",
    "    severity = \"MEDIUM\"\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    severity = \"LOW\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(severity)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "63b6d1a8",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "exercise"
    ]
   },
   "source": [
    "## 2. Review IP addresses with `for`, `continue`, and `break`\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "3820130f",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "solution"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "blocked_ips = {\"10.0.0.5\", \"10.0.0.12\"}\n",
    "targets = [f\"10.0.0.{i}\" for i in range(1, 16)]\n",
    "reviewed = []\n",
    "\n",
    "for ip in targets:\n",
    "    last_octet = int(ip.split(\".\")[-1])\n",
    "\n",
    "    if last_octet % 2 != 0:\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "\n",
    "    reviewed.append(ip)\n",
    "    print(f\"Reviewing: {ip}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    if ip in blocked_ips:\n",
    "        print(f\"Alert: blocked IP found: {ip}\")\n",
    "        break\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Reviewed:\", reviewed)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "61f09e15",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "exercise"
    ]
   },
   "source": [
    "## 3. Limit retry attempts with `while`\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "0ec1dc95",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "solution"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "attempt = 0\n",
    "max_attempts = 3\n",
    "service_responded = False\n",
    "\n",
    "while attempt < max_attempts and not service_responded:\n",
    "    attempt += 1\n",
    "    print(f\"Health check attempt {attempt}\")\n",
    "    service_responded = attempt == 2\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Service responded: {service_responded}\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b849e734",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "exercise"
    ]
   },
   "source": [
    "## 4. Package a rule in a function\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a34324a1",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "solution"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def classify_login_risk(failed_attempts, is_admin=False, is_off_hours=False):\n",
    "    # Return LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, or CRITICAL for a login event.\n",
    "    score = failed_attempts * 10\n",
    "    if is_admin:\n",
    "        score += 25\n",
    "    if is_off_hours:\n",
    "        score += 15\n",
    "\n",
    "    if score >= 100:\n",
    "        return \"CRITICAL\"\n",
    "    if score >= 60:\n",
    "        return \"HIGH\"\n",
    "    if score >= 30:\n",
    "        return \"MEDIUM\"\n",
    "    return \"LOW\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(classify_login_risk(2))\n",
    "print(classify_login_risk(7, is_off_hours=True))\n",
    "print(classify_login_risk(8, is_admin=True))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "aba3b1a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Self-check\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "de52830d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "assert severity == \"HIGH\"\n",
    "assert reviewed == [\"10.0.0.2\", \"10.0.0.4\", \"10.0.0.6\", \"10.0.0.8\", \"10.0.0.10\", \"10.0.0.12\"]\n",
    "assert attempt == 2 and service_responded is True\n",
    "assert classify_login_risk(2) == \"LOW\"\n",
    "assert classify_login_risk(7, is_off_hours=True) == \"HIGH\"\n",
    "assert classify_login_risk(8, is_admin=True) == \"CRITICAL\"\n",
    "print(\"✓ Lab 2 completed\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c97e0f71",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Extension challenge\n",
    "\n",
    "Modify the function to add 20 points when `source_ip` belongs to a set of blocked IP addresses. Write at least two `assert` statements for the new rule.\n"
   ]
  }
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