{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Lists\n",
    "    \n",
    "    1.) Creating lists\n",
    "    2.) Indexing and Slicing Lists\n",
    "    3.) Basic List Methods\n",
    "    4.) Nesting Lists\n",
    "    5.) Introduction to List Comprehensions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Assign a list to an variable named my_list\n",
    "my_list = [1,2,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We just created a list of integers, but lists can actually hold different object types. For example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_list = ['A string',23,100.232,'o']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Just like strings, the len() function will tell you how many items are in the sequence of the list."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "len(my_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Indexing and Slicing\n",
    "Indexing and slicing work just like in strings. Let's make a new list to remind ourselves of how this works:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_list = ['one','two','three',4,5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Grab element at index 0\n",
    "my_list[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Grab index 1 and everything past it\n",
    "my_list[1:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Grab everything UP TO index 3\n",
    "my_list[:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can also use + to concatenate lists, just like we did for strings."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_list + ['new item']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Note: This doesn't actually change the original list!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You would have to reassign the list to make the change permanent."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Reassign\n",
    "my_list = my_list + ['add new item permanently']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "my_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can also use the * for a duplication method similar to strings:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Make the list double\n",
    "my_list * 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Again doubling not permanent\n",
    "my_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Basic List Methods\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create a new list\n",
    "list1 = [1,2,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use the **append** method to permanently add an item to the end of a list:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Append\n",
    "list1.append('append me!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Show\n",
    "list1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use **pop** to \"pop off\" an item from the list. By default pop takes off the last index, but you can also specify which index to pop off. Let's see an example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Pop off the 0 indexed item\n",
    "list1.pop(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Show\n",
    "list1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Assign the popped element, remember default popped index is -1\n",
    "popped_item = list1.pop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "popped_item"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Show remaining list\n",
    "list1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "It should also be noted that lists indexing will return an error if there is no element at that index. For example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list1[100]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can use the **sort** method and the **reverse** methods to also effect your lists:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "new_list = ['a','e','x','b','c']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Show\n",
    "new_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Use reverse to reverse order (this is permanent!)\n",
    "new_list.reverse()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "new_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Use sort to sort the list (in this case alphabetical order, but for numbers it will go ascending)\n",
    "new_list.sort()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "new_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Nesting Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Let's make three lists\n",
    "lst_1=[1,2,3]\n",
    "lst_2=[4,5,6]\n",
    "lst_3=[7,8,9]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Make a list of lists to form a matrix\n",
    "matrix = [lst_1,lst_2,lst_3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Show\n",
    "matrix"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can again use indexing to grab elements, but now there are two levels for the index. The items in the matrix object, and then the items inside that list!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Grab first item in matrix object\n",
    "matrix[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Grab first item of the first item in the matrix object\n",
    "matrix[0][0]"
   ]
  }
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